2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Presentation in the Consolidated Statements

The Company both rents and sells medical equipment. Management believes that the predominant source of revenues and cash flows from this medical equipment is from rentals and most equipment purchased is likely to be rented prior to being sold. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that (i) the assets specifically supporting its two primary revenue streams should be separately disclosed on the balance sheet; (ii) the purchase and sale of medical equipment should be classified solely in investing cash flows based on their predominant source; and (iii) other activities ancillary to the rental process should be consistently classified.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all wholly owned organizations. All intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Segments

The Company operates in one reportable segment based on management’s view of its business for purposes of evaluating performance and making operating decisions.

 

The Company utilizes shared services including but not limited to, human resources, payroll, finance, sales, pump repair and maintenance services, as well as certain shared assets and sales, general and administrative costs. The Company’s approach is to make operational decisions and assess performance based on delivering products and services that together provide solutions to its customer base, utilizing a functional management structure and shared services where possible. Based upon this business model, the chief operating decision maker only reviews consolidated financial information.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements, including the notes thereto. The Company considers critical accounting policies to be those that require more significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements, including the following: revenue recognition, which includes contractual adjustments, accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts, sales return allowances, inventory reserves, long lived assets, intangible assets and income tax valuations. Management relies on historical experience and other assumptions believed to be reasonable in making its judgment and estimates. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents primarily with two financial institutions and is insured with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are reported at the estimated net realizable amounts from patients, third-party payors and other direct pay customers for goods provided and services rendered. The Company performs periodic analyses to assess the accounts receivable balances. It records an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the estimated collectability of the accounts such that the recorded amounts reflect estimated net realizable value. Upon determination that an account is uncollectible, the account is written-off and charged to the allowance.

Accounts receivable are reduced by an allowance for amounts that could become uncollectible in the future. The Company’s estimate for its allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon management’s assessment of historical and expected net collections. Due to continuing changes in the health care industry and third-party reimbursement, it is possible that management’s estimates could change in the near term, which could have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Following is an analysis of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the Company for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

 

		Balance at beginning of Year				Charged to costs and expenses				Deductions (1)				Balance at end  of Year
Allowance for doubtful accounts — 2014		$	4,774			$	5,774			$	(5,809	)		$	4,739
Allowance for doubtful accounts — 2013		$	3,136			$	6,534			$	(4,896	)		$	4,774

 

(1)	Deductions represent the write-off of uncollectible account receivable balances.

Inventories

Our inventories consist of disposable products and related parts and supplies used in conjunction with medical equipment and are stated at the lower of cost or market. The Company periodically performs an analysis of slow moving inventory and records a reserve based on estimated obsolete inventory, which was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.

 

Medical Equipment

Medical Equipment (“ME”) consists of equipment that the Company purchases from third-parties and is 1) held for sale or rent, and 2) used in service to generate rental revenue. ME, once placed into service, is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the equipment which is typically seven years. The Company does not depreciate ME held for sale or rent. When assets are sold, or otherwise disposed, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and a sale is recorded in the current period. The Company periodically performs an analysis of slow moving ME held for sale or rent and records a reserve based on estimated obsolescence, which was $0.1 million as of both December 31, 2014 and 2013.

During the first quarter of 2014, the Company reassessed the estimated useful life of certain of its property and equipment. As a result, the estimated useful life of the Company’s ME was extended from five to seven years due to the determination that the Company was using these assets longer than originally anticipated. A major factor in this change was the servicing of such equipment by the Company’s Kansas facility, which was acquired in 2010. As a result, disposal of such equipment has decreased significantly since that acquisition.

The change in the estimated useful lives of the Company’s ME was accounted for as a change in accounting estimate, on a prospective basis, effective January 1, 2014. The change in estimated useful lives resulted in $1.9 million less depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 than otherwise would have been recorded. After-tax, net income would have been lower by $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 if this change in estimate had not been made. The impact to basic and diluted income per share due to this change in estimate would have been $0.05 per share for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at acquired cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, ranging from three to seven years. Information Technology software and hardware are depreciated over three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the life of the asset or the remaining term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and minor repairs are charged to operations as incurred. When assets are sold (outside of pre-owned pump sales), or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is recorded in the current period.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of trade names, physician and customer relationships, non-compete agreements and software. The physician and customer relationships and non-compete agreements arose primarily from the acquisitions of InfuSystem and First Biomedical in 2010. The Company amortizes the value assigned to the physician and customer relationships on a straight-line basis over the period of expected benefit, which is fifteen years. The acquired physician and customer relationship base represents a valuable asset of the Company due to the expectation of future business opportunities to be leveraged from the existing relationship with each physician and customer. The Company has long-standing relationships with numerous oncology clinics, physicians, home care and home infusion providers, skilled nursing facilities, pain centers and others. These relationships are expected, on average, to have a fifteen year useful life, based on minimal attrition experienced to date by the Company and expectations of continued minimal attrition. Non-compete agreements are amortized on a straight-line basis over five years and software is amortized on a straight-line basis over three years. Trade names are not amortized.

Management tests trade names for impairment annually or as often as deemed necessary. The Company performed its annual impairment analysis as of October 2014 and determined that the fair value of the trade names was greater than their carrying value, resulting in no impairment.

Costs relating to the development of software for internal purposes are charged to expense until technological feasibility is established. Thereafter, the remaining software production costs up to the date placed into production are capitalized and included as Intangible Assets. Amortization of the capitalized amounts commences on the date the asset is ready for its intended use and is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, which is three years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets held for use, which includes property and equipment and amortizable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. If an impairment indicator exists, the Company assesses the asset or asset group for recoverability. Recoverability of these assets is determined based upon the expected undiscounted future net cash flows from the operations to which the assets relate, utilizing management’s best estimates, appropriate assumptions and projections at the time. If the carrying value is determined not to be recoverable from future operating cash flows, the asset is deemed impaired and an impairment loss would be recognized to the extent the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair market value of the asset or asset group.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue for selling, renting and servicing new and pre-owned infusion pumps and other medical equipment to oncology practices as well as other alternate site settings including home care and home infusion providers, skilled nursing facilities, pain centers and others, when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; services have been rendered; the price to the customer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement is determined to exist, and collectability is reasonably assured, when the Company 1) receives a physician’s written order and assignment of benefits, signed by the physician and patient, respectively, and 2) has verified actual pump usage and insurance coverage. The Company recognizes rental revenue from electronic infusion pumps as earned, normally on a month-to-month basis. Pump rentals are billed at the Company’s established rates, which often differ from contractually allowable rates provided by third-party payors such as Medicare, Medicaid and commercial insurance carriers. All billings to third party payors are recorded net of provision for contractual adjustments to arrive at net revenues. The Company performs an analysis to estimate sales returns and records an allowance for returns when the related sale is recognized. This estimate is based on historical sales returns.

Due to the nature of the industry and the reimbursement environment in which the Company operates, certain estimates are required to record net revenues and accounts receivable at their net realizable values. Inherent in these estimates is the risk that the estimates will have to be revised or updated as additional information becomes available. Specifically, the complexity of many third-party billing arrangements and the uncertainty of reimbursement amounts for certain services from certain payors may result in adjustments to amounts originally recorded. Due to continuing changes in the health care industry and third-party reimbursement, it is possible that management’s estimates could change in the near term, which could have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows.

The Company’s largest contracted payor is Medicare, which accounted for approximately 30% and 31%, respectively, of its gross billings for ambulatory infusion pump services for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The contracts with the Company’s next largest contracted payor, in the aggregate, accounted for approximately 18% and 17% of its gross billings for ambulatory infusion pump services for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company also has contracts with various other third party payor organizations, commercial Medicare replacement plans, self-insured plans and numerous other insurance carriers. No individual payor, other than those listed above, accounts for greater than approximately 7% of the Company’s ambulatory infusion pump services gross billings in 2014 and 2013.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred income tax liabilities and assets based on: (1) the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years the differences are expected to reverse and (2) the tax credit carry forwards. Deferred income tax (expense) benefit results from the change in net deferred tax assets or deferred tax liabilities. A valuation allowance is recorded when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some or all of any deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Provisions for federal, state and foreign taxes are calculated based on reported pre-tax earnings based on current tax law and include the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Certain items of income and expense are recognized in different time periods for financial reporting than for income tax purposes; thus, such provisions differ from the amounts currently receivable or payable.

The Company follows a two-step approach for recognizing uncertain tax positions. First it evaluates the tax position for recognition by determining that the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination. Second, for positions that are determined to be more-likely-than-not to be sustained, it recognizes the tax benefits as the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained. The Company establishes a reserve for unrecognized tax positions liability that is comprised of unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the provision of income taxes.

Share Based Payments

Entities are required to recognize stock compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share based payments made to employees, among other requirements. Under the fair value based method, compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized on a graded vesting basis over the award’s vesting period.

Deferred Debt Issuance Costs

Capitalized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 relate to the Company’s current Credit Facility with Wells Fargo. The Company classified the costs related to these agreements as non-current assets and amortizes them using the interest method through the maturity date of the underlying debt.

Earnings Per Share

Basic income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share additionally assumes the issuance of potentially dilutive shares of common stock during the periods. The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted income per share computations for the years ended December 31:

 

		2014				2013
Numerator:
Net income (in thousands)		$	3,357			$	1,669
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic			22,154,199				21,868,379
Dilutive effect of restricted shares, options and non-vested share awards			397,894				206,134
Diluted			22,552,093				22,074,513
Net income per share:
Basic		$	0.15			$	0.08
Diluted		$	0.15			$	0.08

 

For the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, 0.1 million and 1.4 million, respectively, of stock options were not included in the calculation for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, because they would have an anti-dilutive effect.